Numerical modeling tools for chemical vapor deposition

Development of general numerical simulation tools for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was the objective of this study. Physical models of important CVD phenomena were developed and implemented into the commercial computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT. The resulting software can address general geometries as well as the most important phenomena occurring with CVD reactors: fluid flow patterns, temperature and chemical species distribution, gas phase and surface deposition. The physical models are documented which are available and examples are provided of CVD simulation capabilities

Apparatus for growing crystals

An improved apparatus and method for growing crystals from a melt employing a heat pipe, consisting of one or more sections, each section serving to control temperature and thermal gradients in the crystal as it forms inside the pipe

Redefining Creativity: A New Approach To Understanding Divergent And Convergent Thinking And Personality

Researchers and practitioners have long been interested in understanding creativity and related aspects of thinking. For example, studies have focused on the ways in which convergent and divergent thinking and personality factors relate to creativity (Guilford, 1950). Traditionally, convergent thinking involves finding the correct answer to a problem; in contrast, divergent thinking involves generating a creative response through spontaneous exploration of different ideas, perhaps via associative processes (Guilford, 1950). Past research shows that divergent thinking and openness to experience, an aspect of personality that involves imagination and exploration, are related (e.g., Chamorro-Premuzic, 2008; MacKinnon, 1962, 1965; Silvia et al., 2009). The goal of our study is to further explore the relations between various measures of convergent and divergent thinking and openness to experience. Participants will be 100 ISU students 18 years or older recruited through the Department of Psychology online sign-up system. They will complete our measures via an online survey methodology that will include the Remote Associates Test (RAT), the Unusual Uses Test, a vocabulary test, the 10-item TIPI Personality questionnaire, and a demographic survey. The RAT is a well-known test of convergent thinking, where three unrelated words are shown, and participants must relate the fourth word. The Unusual Uses Test is a popular test of divergent thinking, where participants must come up with creative and uncommon uses for an object. But, according to Gabora (2019), the RAT may be more suitably classified as a divergent thinking test, especially when insight is involved. If the RAT relies on divergent thinking, then we would expect to observe strong, positive correlations between the RAT and Unusual Uses Test and openness to experience measures from the personality questionnaire. However, we would expect to observe no correlations with vocabulary, a convergent thinking measure. These results would provide a better understanding of creativity processes.https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/urs2021psych/1004/thumbnail.jp

4-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-ium picrate

The title compound {systematic name: 4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-ium 2,4,6-tri­nitro­phenolate}, C17H19F2N2 +·C6H2N3O7 −, is the picrate salt of a piperazine-supported amine bearing a benzhydryl substituent on one of its N atoms. During co-crystallisation, protonation took place on the N atom of the secondary amine functionality. The non-aromatic six-membered heterocycle adopts a chair conformation. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds as well as C—H⋯O contacts connect the components into a three-dimensional network

In vitro cultivation of primary intestinal cells from Eisenia fetida as basis for ecotoxicological studies

The earthworm Eisenia fetida is a commonly used model organism for unspecific soil feeders in ecotoxicological studies. Its intestinal cells are the first to encounter possible pollutants co-ingested by the earthworm, which makes them prime candidates for studies of toxic effects of environmental pollutants on the cellular as compared to the organismic level. In this context, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the suitability of preparations of primary intestinal E. fetida cells for in vitro ecotoxicological studies. For this purpose, a suitable isolation and cultivation protocol was established. Cells were isolated directly from the intestine, maintaining >85% viability during subsequent cultivations (up to 144 h). Exposure to established pollutants and soil elutriates comprising silver nanoparticles and metal ions (Cu(2+), Cd(2+)) induced a significant decrease in the metabolic activity of the cells. In case of microplastic particles (MP particles), namely 0.2, 0.5, 2.0, and 3.0 µm diameter polystyrene (PS) beads as well as 0.5 and 2.0 µm diameter polylactic acid (PLA) beads, no active uptake was observed. Slight positive as well as negative dose and size dependent effects on the metabolism were seen, which to some extent might correlate with effects on the organismic level

(E)-1-(4,4′′-Difluoro-5′-meth­oxy-1,1′:3′,1′′-terphenyl-4′-yl)-3-(4-methyl­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the meta-terphenyl fragment of the title mol­ecule, C29H22F2O2, the two fluoro­phenyl rings are twisted from the central benzene ring by 46.72 (6) and 41.70 (6)°, respectively. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into layers parallel to the ab plane. The crystal packing exhibits π–π inter­actions, the shortest distance between the centroids of aromatic rings being 3.6364 (7) Å

(E)-1-(4,4′′-Difluoro-5′-meth­oxy-1,1′:3′,1′′-terphenyl-4′-yl)-3-phenyl­prop-2-en-1-one

The title compound, C28H20F2O2, is a polysubstituted terphenyl derivative bearing a Michael system. The C=C double bond is E configured. In the crystal, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯F contacts connect the mol­ecules, forming undulating sheets that lie perpendicular to the crystallographic a axis. The shortest π–π inter­action [centroid–centroid distance = 3.7163 (7) Å] involves the para-fluoro­phenyl ring in the para position to the Michael system, and its symmetry-generated equivalent

SOCIAL SKILL AND BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS LEVELS IN ADOLESCENT WITH MENTAL DISABILITIES BY COMPARING PARENT' GENERAL INVESTIGATION OF SELF-EFFICACY

Bu araştırmanın amacı zihinsel engelli ergenlerin, sosyal beceri düzeyleri ve davranış problemleri ile ebeveynlerinin genel öz yeterlilik algı düzeylerini karşılaştırılarak incelemektir. Araştırma grubu, 161 öğrenci ve 59'u baba, 126'sı anne olmak üzere 185 ebeveynden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada, öğrencilerin okul içi sosyal yeterlilik düzeyleri ve problem davranışlarını ölçmek için, Okul Sosyal Davranış Ölçekleri (OSDÖ) ile ebeveynlerin genel öz yeterlilik algılarını ölçmek için Genel Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrenci ve ebeveynlerin demografik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla, ‘Öğrenci-Ebeveyn Bilgi Formu' birinci araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, zihinsel engelli ergenlerin sosyal beceri düzeyleri ile ebeveynlerinin genel öz yeterlilikleri arasında pozitif yönlü; zihinsel engelli ergenlerin davranış problemleri ile ebeveynlerinin genel öz yeterlilikleri arasında ise negatif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmaktadır Bu araştırmanın amacı zihinsel engelli ergenlerin, sosyal beceri düzeyleri ve davranış problemleri ile ebeveynlerinin genel öz yeterlilik algı düzeylerini karşılaştırılarak incelemektir. Araştırma grubu, 161 öğrenci ve 59'u baba, 126'sı anne olmak üzere 185 ebeveynden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada, öğrencilerin okul içi sosyal yeterlilik düzeyleri ve problem davranışlarını ölçmek için, Okul Sosyal Davranış Ölçekleri (OSDÖ) ile ebeveynlerin genel öz yeterlilik algılarını ölçmek için Genel Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrenci ve ebeveynlerin demografik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla, ‘Öğrenci-Ebeveyn Bilgi Formu' birinci araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, zihinsel engelli ergenlerin sosyal beceri düzeyleri ile ebeveynlerinin genel öz yeterlilikleri arasında pozitif yönlü; zihinsel engelli ergenlerin davranış problemleri ile ebeveynlerinin genel öz yeterlilikleri arasında ise negatif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmaktadı